uses of metals, non-metals and their compounds

1. Carbon Di-oxide (CO₂): (i) in the preparation of soda water, (ii) in extinguishing fires, (iii) in the manufacture of hard steel.

2. carbon monoxide (CO) : (i)In the preparation of COCl₂.

3. Graphite : (i) in making electrodes, (ii) as a lubricant, (ii) for writing on paper.

4. Ferrous Sulphate (FeSO₄.7H₂O) : (i) In the paint industry, (ii) In making Mohr's salt, (iii) In making ink.

5. Iodine (I) : ( i ) as a disinfectant, ( ii ) in the production of medicines, (iii) in the preparation of tincture iodine, (iv) in the dye industry.

6. Bromine ( Br ) : ( i ) Paint industry, ( ii ) In the preparation of tincture gas, ( iii ) As a repellent, ( iv ) In the preparation of medicine.

7. Hydrochloric acid ( HCl ) : ( i ) In the preparation of chlorine, (ii) in the preparation of Aqua regia, (iii) in the preparation of colour, (iv) in the manufacture of chloride salts.

8. Chlorine (Cl) : (i) in the preparation of hydrochloric acid HCl, (i) in the preparation of mustard gas, (iii) In making bleaching powder, (iv) for bleaching cloth and paper.

9. Sulfuric acid ( H₂SO₄) : (i) as a reagent in the laboratory, (ii) in the production of dyes, (iii) in the purification of petroleum, (iv) In storage battery.

10. Sulfur dioxide (SO₂): (i) as a reagent, (ii) as an oxidising agent, (iii) as a bleach.

11. Phosphorus (P) : (i) Red phosphorus, in making matches, (ii) White phosphorus, in killing rats (iii) in making phosphorous bronze.

12. Marsh gas (CH₄) : As a fuel. This gas is found in ponds and marshes. Due to the rotting of the waste of plants and animals at places, it keeps coming out in the form of bubbles.

13. Tear gas (acrolein, alphachloro aceto phenol) - for crowd control by security forces.

14. Ethylene and acetylene gas - for artificial ripening of unripe fruits.

15. Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S): (i) in the preparation of sulfides, (ii) in the qualitative analysis of cosmic radicals of salts.

16. Sulfur (S): (i) as a disinfectant, (ii) to vulcanize rubber, (iii) to make gunpowder, (iv) as a medicine.

17. Ammonia (NH₃) : (i) as a repellent, (ii) in ice factory, (iii) in making rayon.

18. Laughing gas / Nitrous oxide (N₂O) : In surgery.

19. Diamond : (i) In making jewellery, (ii) in cutting glass.

20. Ferrous Oxide (FeO): (i) in the preparation of green glass, (ii) in the preparation of ferrous salts.

21. Ferric compounds (Fe₃O₄) : (i) In polishing jewellery, (ii) in the manufacture of ferric salts.

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